Perennial Flower

When to Plant Black-Eyed Susans

Cheerful golden blooms that attract butterflies and tolerate drought. A backbone of the low-maintenance perennial garden.

Sun
Full sun (6-8 hours)
Water
Low — drought tolerant
Days to Harvest
120-180
Difficulty
beginner
Spacing
18"
Frost Tolerance
high

The Short Answer

Start black-eyed susans seeds indoors 6 weeks before your last frost, or direct sow after frost danger has passed. Enter your zip code on our homepage tool for exact dates.

How to Grow Black-Eyed Susans

Rudbeckia are native wildflowers that belong in every American garden — they provide late-summer color when most perennials have finished, they're beloved by butterflies and native bees, and they're essentially maintenance-free once established. Goldsturm is the standard garden variety. Deadheading extends the bloom period, but leaving seed heads standing through winter feeds goldfinches and provides structural winter interest. They self-seed moderately — enough to fill gaps without becoming invasive. Cut back in late winter before new growth emerges.

Starting Seeds Indoors

Begin black-eyed susans seeds indoors 6 weeks before your average last frost date. Seeds need soil temperatures of at least 60°F to germinate, which typically takes 7-14 days. Provide 12 hours of light per day using a south-facing window or grow lights.

Transplanting

Move seedlings outside 1 weeks after your last frost date, once soil temperatures reach 60°F. Harden off seedlings for 7 days before transplanting by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions.

Direct Sowing

Black-Eyed Susans can be direct sown 1 weeks after your last frost date. Plant seeds 0.125" deep, spaced 18" apart.

Growing Tips

Leave seed heads standing through winter for birds and visual interest. Self-seeds freely — deadhead if you don't want more.

Companion Planting

Good companions:

Coneflowers Ornamental Grasses

Black-Eyed Susans Planting Dates by State

Click your state for black-eyed susans planting dates specific to your location:

Note: Planting dates are based on average frost dates from NOAA Climate Normals (30-year averages). Actual conditions vary year to year. Always check your local forecast before planting frost-sensitive crops.

Last reviewed: March 29, 2026

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