Cool-Season Vegetable

When to Plant Kale in Iowa

The toughest green in the garden. Kale laughs at frost and actually tastes sweeter after a cold snap.

The Short Answer

Kale are cold-tolerant and do well in Iowa's humid climate. You can direct sow 4 weeks before your last frost — that's as early as May 5 - May 20 in Northern Iowa. Iowa gardeners can also plant a fall crop. Outstanding black prairie soils. Some of the richest agricultural land in the world. Minimal...

Iowa Frost Dates

Your planting dates depend on which part of Iowa you're in. Here are the frost date ranges by region:

Region Zones Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall)
Northern Iowa 4b, 5a May 5 - May 20 Sep 20 - Oct 5
Central Iowa 5a, 5b Apr 25 - May 10 Oct 1 - Oct 15
Southern Iowa 5b Apr 20 - May 5 Oct 5 - Oct 20

Kale Planting Schedule for Iowa

Northern Iowa (Zones 4b, 5a)

Average last frost: May 5 - May 20 · Average first frost: Sep 20 - Oct 5

Start Seeds Indoors
4 wks before frost
Transplant Outside
3 wks before frost
Direct Sow
4 wks before frost
Fall Planting
8 wks before first frost

Central Iowa (Zones 5a, 5b)

Average last frost: Apr 25 - May 10 · Average first frost: Oct 1 - Oct 15

Start Seeds Indoors
4 wks before frost
Transplant Outside
3 wks before frost
Direct Sow
4 wks before frost
Fall Planting
8 wks before first frost

Southern Iowa (Zones 5b)

Average last frost: Apr 20 - May 5 · Average first frost: Oct 5 - Oct 20

Start Seeds Indoors
4 wks before frost
Transplant Outside
3 wks before frost
Direct Sow
4 wks before frost
Fall Planting
8 wks before first frost

Growing Kale in Iowa

Kale in Iowa's Climate

Kale is your climate's superstar. It thrives in cool weather, survives hard frosts, and actually improves in flavor after cold exposure. In northern zones, kale produces from April through December — one of the longest harvests of any crop. Snow-covered kale harvested in December is genuinely sweeter than summer kale. If you grow nothing else in a cold climate, grow kale.

Soil Considerations for Iowa

Outstanding black prairie soils. Some of the richest agricultural land in the world. Minimal amendment needed.

Iowa Climate & Growing Season

Continental climate. Cold winters, warm humid summers. Good growing season with adequate rainfall. Kale can handle frost well, which is an advantage in Iowa's climate. You can push planting dates earlier in spring and extend into fall.

Growing season length varies across Iowa: Northern Iowa (4b, 5a) has a last frost around May 5 - May 20, while Southern Iowa (5b) sees frost end around Apr 20 - May 5. This difference matters for kale — adjust your planting dates to match your specific region.

Growing Tips

Harvest outer leaves first, leaving the center to keep growing. Can survive temperatures down to 10°F with mulch protection.

Companion Planting

Plant kale alongside these companions for better growth:

Beets Celery Herbs Onions

Keep kale away from:

Strawberries Tomatoes

The Bottom Line

Kale can be grown successfully across Iowa, but your exact planting dates depend on which region you're in. Northern Iowa gardeners should plan around a May 5 - May 20 last frost, while those in Southern Iowa can typically plant earlier. For exact dates based on your zip code, use our free planting date finder.
Note: All dates are based on NOAA 30-year Climate Normals and represent historical averages, not predictions for any specific year. Always check your local weather forecast before planting frost-sensitive crops. Learn about our data sources.

Last reviewed: March 29, 2026

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